التعريف: الامتصاص هو عملية انتقال الكتلة التي تدخل فيها مادة ما إلى الطور السائد لمادة أخرى وتنتشر داخلها. واعتمادًا على الأطوار المعنية، قد يحدث الامتصاص بين الغازات والسوائل، أو بين السوائل والمواد الصلبة، أو بين أي مادتين متلامستين أخريين…
التعريف: المبخر هو جهاز صناعي يُستخدم لإزالة جزء من المذيب المتطاير من محلول سائل عن طريق التبخير. ويتمثل الهدف الأساسي عادةً في تركيز المحلول، أو استرداد المذيب، أو تقليل حجم السائل، أو تحضير تيار مركّز…
Definition Evaporation is the vaporization of a solvent from the surface or bulk of a liquid solution. At a given temperature, molecules continuously escape from the liquid phase, and when more solvent molecules leave than return from the vapor phase,…
Definition Back mixing refers to the reverse movement of part of a fluid against the main flow direction inside continuous process equipment. It can occur in reactors, extraction towers, separation columns, and other systems because of turbulence, internal circulation, equipment…
Definition Residence time distribution (RTD) describes the statistical distribution of time spent by fluid elements inside a continuous process unit between entering and leaving the system. In an ideal flow model, fluid elements may follow uniform or predictable flow patterns.…
Definition Residence time refers to the average time that a fluid or material element remains inside a processing unit such as a reactor, separator, or distillation column. In chemical engineering, residence time is a fundamental process parameter used to describe…
Definition Plug flow is an idealized flow model in which fluid moves through a reactor in the form of “plugs,” with no axial mixing along the flow direction and complete radial mixing across any cross-section. In a plug flow system,…
Definition Continuous rectification is a separation process in which a liquid mixture is continuously fed into a distillation column, while products are simultaneously withdrawn from different sections of the column under steady operating conditions. In this process, separation is achieved…
Definition A continuous process is a mode of industrial operation in which raw materials are continuously fed into a system while products are continuously removed, with the process conditions maintained at a relatively steady state over time. Unlike batch processing,…