Definition Distillation is a separation and purification process used to separate the components of a liquid mixture based on differences in volatility or boiling point. The process involves heating a liquid mixture until one or more components vaporize, followed by…
Definition Structured packing is a type of tower packing used in mass transfer equipment such as distillation columns, absorption towers, extraction towers, and reactive distillation systems. Unlike random packing, structured packing consists of regularly arranged corrugated sheets made from metal…
Definition Extractive distillation is a specialized separation technology that improves the separation of liquid mixtures by introducing a high-boiling solvent, often referred to as an entrainer. The added solvent changes the relative volatility of the components in the feed mixture,…
Definition Fractional distillation, also known as rectification, is a separation process in which repeated vaporization and condensation occur within the same equipment to separate the components of a liquid mixture. It is a specialized form of distillation designed for mixtures…
Definition Reactive distillation, also known as catalytic distillation, is a process technology that integrates chemical reaction and distillation separation within a single unit. In practical applications, heterogeneous catalytic reactions and product separation occur simultaneously inside a reactive distillation column. Unlike…
Definition Crystallization is a separation process that utilizes differences in the solubility of one or more dissolved solids in a solvent to achieve purification or separation. When the solubility of a target substance decreases under specific conditions, such as temperature…
Definition A crystallizer is a piece of process equipment used to perform crystallization operations. Its primary function is to promote the formation and separation of solid crystals from a solution by creating a controlled state of supersaturation. In industrial practice,…
Definition Silicon (Si) is a chemical element belonging to Group IVA (Group 14) of the periodic table with an atomic number of 14 and an atomic weight of 28.0855. It occurs in both amorphous and crystalline forms and is one…
Definition Fluorosulfonic acid (FSA), also known as fluorosulfuric acid, is a highly corrosive inorganic acid with the chemical formula FSO₃H and a molecular weight of 100.06. It is a colorless liquid known for its extremely strong acidity and high chemical…
Definition Diethyl carbonate (DEC), also known as ethyl carbonate, is an organic carbonate compound with the molecular formula C₅H₁₀O₃ and a molecular weight of 118.13. It is a colorless, transparent liquid with a slight irritating odor and exhibits many of…