I. Introduction Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs) are mono-alkyl esters produced by transesterifying triglycerides with methanol. Aliases: FAMEs Methyl esters Biodiesel (when used as fuel blendstock) Core applications: Transportation fuels (B100/B5–B20 blends), heating oils Lubricants and metalworking fluids Oleochemicals, solvents,…
Introduction Polystyrene (PS), also called styrene polymer or poly(styrene), is a versatile thermoplastic available as GPPS (general purpose), HIPS (rubber-modified), and EPS (expandable bead). It underpins high-volume packaging, building insulation, appliances, and electronics thanks to clarity, processability, and cost efficiency.…
Introduction Copolymers are multi-monomer polymers engineered to combine complementary properties; common architectures include random, block, graft, and alternating copolymers. They underpin high-performance packaging, automotive lightweighting, electronics encapsulation, adhesives, medical devices, and elastomers. As sustainability, circularity, and regulatory scrutiny intensify, copolymers…